Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
Eurasion Wolf (Canis lupus lupus)
Tundra Wolf (Canis lupus albas)
Susi
Population Statistics [Unknown, 200-235? , 2016]
Väestötilastot
Legal Status
Oikeudellinen asema
Legally protected at different levels in different parts of Finland directed by the The Habitats Directive of the European Union.
Protecting Wolves in Finland – ECOLOGIST 2020 Jan
Resources
Resurssit
The Ministry of the Environment
Ymparistoninisterio
Finland Department of Wildlife
Suomen Riistakeskus
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö
Organizations
Organisaatio
The Wolf Action Group of the Finnish Nature League (Helsinki, Finland)
Susiryhmä – Luonto-Liitto
Salakaadot seis (Helsinki, Finland)
The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation (FANC) (Helsinki, Finland)
Suomen Luonnonsuojeluliitto
News Resources & Publications
uutisia ja julkaisuja
LATEST SCANDINAVIAN NEWS
viimeisimmät uutiset LATEST EUROPEAN NEWS
Wolf and Wildlife News from Finland – Suomi
- Finland’s wolf population grows by 10% | Yle Uutiset | yle.fi
06th Jun 2019
- New dog safety vest counters wolf attacks in eastern Finland | Yle Uutiset | yle.fi
11th Dec 2016
- Can we really live with wolves? | Global Ideas | DW.COM
22nd Nov 2016
- Competing Hunters Turn Friends? Wolf and Bear Share Dinner at Sunset | National Geographic Society Newsroom
08th Oct 2016
- Fifth of Finland’s wolves killed in month-long cull | AFP
23rd Feb 2016
Journal Articles
From high masked to high realized genetic load in inbred Scandinavian wolves. Smeds L, Ellegren H. Molecular Ecology. 2022 Jul
ABSTRACT
When new mutations arise at functional sites they are more likely to impair than improve fitness. If not removed by purifying selection, such deleterious mutations will generate a genetic load that can have negative fitness effects in small populations and increase the risk of extinction. This is relevant for the highly inbred Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population, founded by only three wolves in the 1980s and suffering from inbreeding depression. We used functional annotation and evolutionary conservation scores to study deleterious variation in a total of 209 genomes from both the Scandinavian and neighbouring wolf populations in northern Europe. The masked load (deleterious mutations in heterozygote state) was highest in Russia and Finland with deleterious alleles segregating at lower frequency than neutral variation. Genetic drift in the Scandinavian population led to the loss of ancestral alleles, fixation of deleterious variants and a significant increase in the per-individual realized load (deleterious mutations in homozygote state; an increase by 45% in protein-coding genes) over five generations of inbreeding. Arrival of immigrants gave a temporary genetic rescue effect with ancestral alleles re-entering the population and thereby shifting deleterious alleles from homozygous into heterozygote genotypes. However, in the absence of permanent connectivity to Finnish and Russian populations, inbreeding has then again led to the exposure of deleterious mutations. These observations provide genome-wide insight into the magnitude of genetic load and genetic rescue at the molecular level, and in relation to population history. They emphasize the importance of securing gene flow in the management of endangered populations.
Assessing key drivers of human attitudes towards large carnivores in Finland. Heikkilä, S., 2020
Correction to: Balancing costs and confidence: volunteer-provided point observations, GPS telemetry and the genetic monitoring of Finland’s wolves. Kojola I, Heikkinen S, Holmala K. Mammal Research. 2018 Jul
[HTML] Non-invasive genetic monitoring involving citizen science enables reconstruction of current pack dynamics in a re-establishing wolf population
H Granroth-Wilding, C Primmer, M Lindqvist… – BMC Ecology, 2017
Poaching regulates the legally hunted wolf population in Finland; J Suutarinen, I Kojola – Biological Conservation, , 2017 Sep
Nudging the impasse? lessons from the nationwide online wolf management forum in Finland. Salo M, Hiedanpää J, Luoma M, Pellikka J. Society & Natural Resources. 2017 Sep
Community power over conservation regimes: techniques for neutralizing the illegal killing of large carnivores in Finland. Pohja-Mykrä M. Crime, Law and Social Change. 2017 May
Preadaptative Transactions and Institutional Change: Wolf‐critical activism in southwestern Finland. Hiedanpää J, Pellikka J. Environmental Policy and Governance. 2017 May
Payments for improved ecostructure (PIE): Funding for the coexistence of humans and wolves in Finland. Hiedanpää J, Kalliolevo H, Salo M, Pellikka J, Luoma M. Environmental management. 2016 Sep
Wolf visitations close to human residences in Finland: the role of age, residence density, and time of day. Kojola I, Hallikainen V, Mikkola K, Gurarie E, Heikkinen S, Kaartinen S, Nikula A, Nivala V. Biological Conservation. 2016 Jun
Dancing with wolves: Making legal territory in a more-than-human world. Ojalammi S, Blomley N. Geoforum. 2015 Jun
Habitat model for a recolonizing wolf (Canis lupus) population in Finland. In Annales Zoologici Fennici (Vol. 52, No. 1–2, pp. 77-89). Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. Kaartinen, S., Antikainen, H. and Kojola, I., 2015, Apr
Tracks in snow and population size estimation: the wolf Canis lupus in Finland. Kojola I, Helle P, Heikkinen S, Lindén H, Paasivaara A, Wikman M. Wildlife Biology. 2014 Oct
Users or producers of ecosystem services? A scenario exercise for integrating conservation and reindeer herding in northeast Finland. Heikkinen HI, Sarkki S, Nuttall M. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice. 2012 Dec
Summer movements, predation and habitat use of wolves in human modified boreal forests. Gurarie E, Suutarinen J, Kojola I, Ovaskainen O. Oecologia. 2011 Apr
The good bad wolf—wolf evaluation reveals the roots of the Finnish wolf conflict. Bisi J, Liukkonen T, Mykrä S, Pohja-Mykrä M, Kurki S. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2010 Oct
Selection of den sites by wolves in boreal forests in Finland. Kaartinen S, Luoto M, Kojola I. Journal of Zoology. 2010 Jun
Carnivore-livestock conflicts: determinants of wolf (Canis lupus) depredation on sheep farms in Finland. Kaartinen S, Luoto M, Kojola I. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2009 Dec
Genetic structure of the northwestern Russian wolf populations and gene flow between Russia and Finland. Aspi J, Roininen E, Kiiskilä J, Ruokonen M, Kojola I, Bljudnik L, Danilov P, Heikkinen S, Pulliainen E. Conservation Genetics. 2009 Aug
Human dimensions of wolf (Canis lupus) conflicts in Finland. Bisi J, Kurki S, Svensberg M, Liukkonen T. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2007 Nov
Dispersal in an expanding wolf population in Finland. Kojola I, Aspi J, Hakala A, Heikkinen S, Ilmoni C, Ronkainen S. Journal of Mammalogy. 2006 Apr
Finnish wolves avoid roads and settlements. In Annales Zoologici Fennici (pp. 523-532). Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. Kaartinen, S., Kojola, I. and Colpaert, A., 2005, Jan
Predation on European wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) by wolves (Canis lupus) in Finland. Kojola I, Huitu O, Toppinen K, Heikura K, Heikkinen S, Ronkainen S. Journal of zoology. 2004 Jul
Interactions between wolves Canis lupus and dogs C. familiaris in Finland. Kojola I, Ronkainen S, Hakala A, Heikkinen S, Kokko S. Wildlife Biology. 2004 Jun
Is the fear of wolves justified? A Fennoscandian perspective. Linnell JD, Solberg EJ, Brainerd S, Liberg O, Sand H, Wabakken P, Kojola I. Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 2003 Jan
Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in east-central Finland. Gade-Jorgensen I, Stagegaard R. Acta Theriologica. 2000
Studies on the wolf (Canis lupus L.) in Finland. In Annales Zoologici Fennici (Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 215-259). Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. Pulliainen, E., 1965, Jan