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Designing studies of predation risk for improved inference in carnivore-ungulate systems. Prugh LR, Sivy KJ, Mahoney PJ, Ganz TR, Ditmer MA, van de Kerk M, Gilbert SL, Montgomery RA. Biological Conservation. 2019 Apr
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Habitat use of sympatric prey suggests divergent anti-predator responses to recolonizing gray wolves. Dellinger JA, Shores CR, Craig A, Heithaus MR, Ripple WJ, Wirsing AJ. Oecologia. 2019 Feb
Landscapes of fear: spatial patterns of risk perception and response. Gaynor KM, Brown JS, Middleton AD, Power ME, Brashares JS. Trends in ecology & evolution. 2019 Feb
Wolves and Tree Logs: Landscape-Scale and Fine-Scale Risk Factors Interactively Influence Tree Regeneration. van Ginkel HA, Kuijper DP, Schotanus J, Smit C. Ecosystems. 2019 Jan
Predation risk for boreal woodland caribou in human-modified landscapes: Evidence of wolf spatial responses independent of apparent competition. Mumma MA, Gillingham MP, Parker KL, Johnson CJ, Watters M. Biological conservation. 2018 Dec
Diel predator activity drives a dynamic landscape of fear. Kohl MT, Stahler DR, Metz MC, Forester JD, Kauffman MJ, Varley N, White PJ, Smith DW, MacNulty DR. Ecological Monographs. 2018 Nov
Does wolf presence reduce moose browsing intensity in young forest plantations?. van Beeck Calkoen ST, Kuijper DP, Sand H, Singh NJ, van Wieren SE, Cromsigt JP.Ecography. 2018 Nov
The control of risk hypothesis: reactive vs. proactive antipredator responses and stress‐mediated vs. food‐mediated costs of response. Creel S. Ecology letters. 2018 Jul
Woodland caribou habitat selection patterns in relation to predation risk and forage abundance depend on reproductive state. Viejou R, Avgar T, Brown GS, Patterson BR, Reid DE, Rodgers AR, Shuter J, Thompson ID, Fryxell JM. Ecology and evolution. 2018 Jun
Where beavers (Castor canadensis) build: testing the influence of habitat quality, predation risk, and anthropogenic disturbance on colony occurrence. Mumma MA, Gillingham MP, Johnson CJ, Parker KL. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2018 Feb
Understanding predation risk and individual variation in risk avoidance for threatened boreal caribou. Mumma MA, Gillingham MP, Johnson CJ, Parker KL. Ecology and evolution. 2017 Dec
The many faces of fear: a synthesis of the methodological variation in characterizing predation risk. Moll RJ, Redilla KM, Mudumba T, Muneza AB, Gray SM, Abade L, Hayward MW, Millspaugh JJ, Montgomery RA. Journal of Animal Ecology. 2017 Jul
Mobility of moose—comparing the effects of wolf predation risk, reproductive status, and seasonality. Wikenros C, Balogh G, Sand H, Nicholson KL, Månsson J. Ecology and evolution. 2016 Dec
Caribou avoiding wolves face increased predation by bears–C aught between Scylla and C harybdis. Leblond M, Dussault C, Ouellet JP, St‐Laurent MH. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2016 Aug
Spatial Patterning of Prey at Reproduction to Reduce Predation Risk: What Drives Dispersion from Groups?. DeMars CA, Breed GA, Potts JR, Boutin S. The American Naturalist. 2016 May
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The effects of opportunistic and intentional predators on the herding behavior of prey. Cressman R, Garay J. Ecology. 2011 Feb
Trade‐offs between predation risk and forage differ between migrant strategies in a migratory ungulate. Hebblewhite M, Merrill EH. Ecology. 2009 Dec
Glucocorticoid stress hormones and the effect of predation risk on elk reproduction. Creel S, Winnie JA, Christianson D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009 Jul
Contrasting effects of wolves and human hunters on elk behavioral responses to predation risk. Proffitt KM, Grigg JL, Hamlin KL, Garrott RA. CThe Journal of Wildlife Management. 2009 Apr
Habitat selection by ungulates in relation to predation risk by wolves and humans in the Białowieża Forest, Poland. Theuerkauf J, Rouys S. Forest Ecology and Management. 2008 Sep
The scale-dependent impact of wolf predation risk on resource selection by three sympatric ungulates. Kittle AM, Fryxell JM, Desy GE, Hamr J. Oecologia. 2008 Aug
Risk effects in elk: sex-specific responses in grazing and browsing due to predation risk from wolves. Christianson D, Creel S. Behavioral Ecology. 2008 Jul
Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. Creel S, Christianson D. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2008 Apr
Fine-scale predation risk on elk after wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Halofsky JS, Ripple WJ. Oecologia. 2008 Apr
Multiscale wolf predation risk for elk: does migration reduce risk?. Hebblewhite M, Merrill EH. Oecologia. 2007 May
Predation risk affects reproductive physiology and demography of elk. Creel S, Christianson D, Liley S, Winnie JA. Science. 2007 Feb
Sex-specific behavioural responses of elk to spatial and temporal variation in the threat of wolf predation. Winnie Jr J, Creel S. Animal behaviour. 2007 Jan
Elk alter habitat selection as an antipredator response to wolves. Creel S, Winnie Jr J, Maxwell B, Hamlin K, Creel M. Ecology. 2005 Dec
Spatial decomposition of predation risk using resource selection functions: an example in a wolf–elk predator–prey system. Hebblewhite M, Merrill EH, McDonald TL. Oikos. 2005 Oct
Responses of elk herd size to fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in the risk of predation by wolves. Creel S, Winnie Jr JA. Animal Behaviour. 2005 May
Scales of movement by elk (Cervus elaphus) in response to heterogeneity in forage resources and predation risk. Frair JL, Merrill EH, Visscher DR, Fortin D, Beyer HL, Morales JM. Landscape ecology. 2005 Apr
Wolf reintroduction, predation risk, and cottonwood recovery in Yellowstone National Park. Ripple WJ, Beschta RL. Forest Ecology and Management. 2003 Oct
Predation risk, gender and the group size effect: does elk vigilance depend upon the behaviour of conspecifics?. Childress MJ, Lung MA. Animal behaviour. 2003 Aug
Vigilance and foraging behaviour of female caribou in relation to predation risk. Bøving PS, Post E. Rangifer. 1997 Feb
The relationship between food intake and predation risk in migratory caribou and implications to caribou and wolf population dynamics. Heard DC, Williams TM, Melton DA. Rangifer. 1996 Jan
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